Chicago Author-Date In-Text Citations for Websites with No Author
When a website has no listed author, Chicago Author-Date in-text citations use the organization name when available, or a shortened page title if no organization is credited.
In Chicago Author-Date in-text citations, when a website has no author
Use the organization or website name as the author when it is clearly responsible for the content.
If no organization is credited, use a shortened page title in quotation marks in place of the author.
Add the year after the author (or short title): (Author 2024) or ("Short Title" 2024).
Make sure the in-text citation matches the start of the corresponding reference list entry.
Need the matching Chicago Author-Date reference list entry for the same webpage?
Chicago Author-Date In-Text Citation Rules for a Website with No Author
Use the organization name as the author when available
When a website does not list an individual author, Chicago Author-Date in-text citations use the name of the organization or website responsible for the content as the author.
Place the organization name at the beginning of the parenthetical citation, followed by the year.
Use the organization name only if it is clearly credited as the author of the webpage.
Use a shortened page title if no organization is credited
If neither an individual author nor an organization is listed, use a shortened version of the webpage title in place of the author.
Put the shortened title in quotation marks, followed by the year.
If the title is long, shorten it to the first few key words while keeping it recognizable.
This rule applies to in-text citations only
Using an organization name or shortened page title in place of an author applies to Chicago Author-Date in-text citations only.
The corresponding reference list entry follows standard Chicago Author-Date formatting for websites.
Chicago Author-Date In-Text Citation Examples for a Website with No Author
The examples below show how Chicago Author-Date in-text citations work when a website does not list an individual author.
Website credited to an organization
Use the organization or website name as the author, followed by the year.
The report highlights recent health trends (World Health Organization 2023).
Website with no author or organization
Use a shortened version of the webpage title in quotation marks, followed by the year.
Data privacy concerns continue to grow ("Online Privacy Risks" 2022).
Long webpage title
Shorten long titles to the first few key words while keeping them recognizable.
These changes affect many users worldwide ("How Online Privacy" 2021).
Website with no publication date
Use n.d. in place of the year when no publication or revision date is available.
The policy outlines data retention practices ("Data Retention Policy" n.d.).
Common Mistakes in Chicago Author-Date In-Text Citations for Websites with No Author
Using a hyphen or dash between the author and year
In Chicago Author-Date style, the author (or title) and the year are separated by a space, not by a hyphen or dash.
Wrong
✕ ("Online Privacy Risks"-2022)
Correct
✓ ("Online Privacy Risks" 2022)
Using the full webpage title instead of a shortened title
When a webpage title is long, Chicago Author-Date in-text citations use a shortened version of the title, not the full title.
Wrong
✕ ("How Online Privacy Policies Have Changed Over the Past Decade" 2021)
Correct
✓ ("How Online Privacy" 2021)
Placing the year before the title
In Chicago Author-Date in-text citations, the year comes after the author or shortened title, not before it.
Wrong
✕ (2022 "Online Privacy Risks")
Correct
✓ ("Online Privacy Risks" 2022)
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